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Biography

Professional biography

Dr. Susanne P. Schwenzer

Professor of Planetary Mineralogy

I am a Professor of Planetary Mineralogy in the School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, and a mineralogist by training. I joined the Open University in 2009 for a post doctoral position, became a Research Investment Fellow in 2013, a lecturer in 2015, a senior lecturer in 2017, and a professor in 2024.

My professional journey started with the goal to become a journalist... I decided to study a natural science and settled on mineralogy. During my studies I worked at a German newspaper in parallel, and then decided to pursue a PhD. I graduated from University of Mainz with my PhD in 2004 and held post-doctoral positions in the field of noble gases (Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Germany) and impact-cratering (Lunar and Planetary Institute, US), before coming to the OU. 

Here at the OU I am associate director of AstrobiologyOU, and the postgraduate tutor in the School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences. Internationally, I am part of the NASA Curiosity Rover science team, an interdisciplinary scientist of the ESA Rosalind Franklin Rover mission, of the Mars Sample Return Campaign Science Group (MSCG) and the National Academies A strategy for Humans to Mars panel. I serve as an associate editor at Geochemistry, and as the chair of the publications committee of the Meteoritical Society.  

Research interests

My research interests center around two major topics: water rock reactions and noble gases. 

Curiosity Mars rover in the Martian landscape

Image above: The Curiosity rover (Selfie at the 'Greenheugh Pediment', NASA image).

The Curiosity Rover at Gale crater is exploring a variety of rocks dominated by mudstones and sandstones, with some conglomerates and other special sedimentary features. Most lately, the rover has entered the sulfate unit, finding more minerals that are indicative of waning water availability. My main interest is in the water-rock reactions that cause diagenesis and alteration throughout the stratigraphic sequence. My work ranges from a general assessment of the diagenetic pathways at Yellowknife Bay - the first part of the sequence investigated by the rover, to working with colleagues ot disentanle details of the evaporation history of the crater, eg. on the detection and pathways of boron at Gale crater, and disentangling surprising and complex findings such as trydimite formation as volcanic or hydrothermal product. 

Image above: Impact generated hydrothermal systems (Crater after G. Osinski, water flow after O. Abramov, combined with my modeling

My research on Mars is informed by studying water rock reactions in Martian meteorites and at analog sites. There are two modeling studies that particularly shaped my approach to the Curiosity work - the study of impact generated hydrothermal systems through modeling of the Martian meteorite (LEW88516) composition and the exploration of the effect of host rock diversity as seen in Martian meteories on alteration mineralogy, as well as an in depth study of the nakhlite alteration pathways. 

Image above: Model results (Bridges and Schwenzer 2012).

My PhD was on noble gases in Martian meteorites, any my very first research paper on that topic dates back to 2007, and the most recent review appeared in 'Volatiles in the Martian Crust'. This has enabled me to work on topics of the Martian atmosphere and trace gases such as the first detection and the seasonal variation of methane as seen by Curiosity, as well as on age dating of rocks encountered at Gale crater, including late-state alteration. Noble gases also helped in supporting a D/H study disentngling the inhomogneity of the Martian interior

If not in the lab or in front of a computer to model, my research gets me out into the field to study analog sites, most recently a site in the Utah desert, where we studied a lamprophyre dike for its alteration as well as the implications of such alteration pathways on habitability.

Beyond the research, I am involved in shaping the future of space exploration through participation in white papers, mission simulations, and advisory teams, including Mars Sample Return (see Beaty et al. (2019), MSR Campaign Science Group (2023), Swindle et al. (2022)). 

 

Teaching interests

Recent and current teaching commitments include

  • Student supervision
    • PhD students at the OU working on a wide range of subjects from Mars analog sites to law and social sciences
    • External advisorship of master and PhD students
    • Support of work experience students
       
  • Member of the following course teams at the OU
    • S209 Earth Science 
    • S283 Planetary Science and the Search for Life 
    • SXPS288 Remote Experiments in Pysics and Space
    • S818 Master in Space Sciences 
       
  • Other teaching:
    • Guest lecturer for 4634 (Planetary Surfaces) at the Space Research Centre, University of Leicester (2010-2014)
    • Visiting Lecturer at International Space University (Astrobiology Elective, 2014 and 2015, 2022, 2023)
    • Scientific content coordinator for OU teaching materials (MOOCs, Virtual Microscope Materials)

Impact and engagement

Before I started my undergraduate studies, I received training and worked as a freelance journalist. Later, I became volunteer editor for a museum (www.lahn-marmor-museum.de) and helped publish two books on science topics for a general audience. With the Mars mission under way and other topics very timely and interesting for school and general audiences, I developed a passion for public outreach. I regulary give talks and presentations, and generally enjoy to share the excitement of exploring Mars and the new insights we gained.

Recently, I have been interviewed for the Space Awareness intiative. It was a lot of fun to talk about how I got into planetary science and what motivates me to continue every day: The video is here.  If you want to see the other profiles and find out more: http://www.space-awareness.org/en/ (funded by the EU's Horizon 2020 programme). I have also been interviewed many times about Mars, Mars missions, and my research, here is an example while in the field (Tabernas, Spain) with the ExoFIT team

 

International links

  • Visiting scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute (Houston, TX, USA)
  • Team member of the Mars Science Laboratory Science and Operations team (NASA and JPL)
  • Interdisciplinary Scientist of the ESA ExoMars Rosalind Franklin Rover and the WISDOM instrument team
  • Member of the NASA/ESA Mars Sample Return Campaign Science Group
  • Member of the National Academies 'Humans to Mars' panel
  • Chair of the Meteoritical Society Publication Board (2022-2024)
  • Associate Editor Geochemistry

Projects

Preparing for Mars Sample Return: Training the next generation in precise, spatially resolved, oxygen isotope analysis

Samples of Martian origin will be returned to Earth via JAXA’s MMX mission in about six years from now (2029), with Mars surface-collected materials returned to Earth by the NASA/ESA MSR collaboration in about ten years’ time (2033). The timescale involved, particularly for participation in MMX, are tight and action is needed now to ensure that the UK science community is ready to play a full role in the analysis of these precious materials. Appropriate action is required on a number of fronts. We need to be ready in terms of having suitably trained scientists with a relevant expertise in cutting edge analysis techniques relevant to the characterization of Martian samples. We need to maintain and enhance the capabilities of our world-leading analytical facilities that are essential to the analysis of Martian samples. These facilities will provide the scientific leverage required to be part of any initial analysis initiative. And critically, we need to be able to demonstrate to our partner space agencies that we have the appropriate clean handling facilities and preparation techniques relevant to the manipulation of pristine returned samples. This proposal sets out in detail a framework for addressing these issues by providing a PhD opportunity to undertake a cutting-edge oxygen isotope study by laser assisted- fluorination of Martian meteorite samples. The samples that will be analyzed are closely aligned to the composition of the materials already collected and cached by the Perseverance Rover. Oxygen isotope analysis by laser fluorination is a key Martian analysis technique in which the UK is the world-leader. The scientific outputs from this study are critical to understanding the evolution and interactions between the Martian hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere. This work needs to be completed in advance of initial sample return in order to maximize the scientific outputs once the main phase of characterization work commences. This study will not only train a new Mars sample specialist, but will help to sustain and develop our leadership role in Mars critical laser fluorination analysis. In addition, this will provide benefits for the wider UK extraterrestrial analysis community through rapid allocation of returned Mars material, as was the case for asteroidal particles returned by the JAXA Hayabusa2 mission. We will also be obtaining an early allocation in the upcoming NASA OSIRIS-REx initial analysis phase (October 2023). As a consequence of our involvement in these missions, we have developed a range of clean sample manipulation techniques. These will be further developed during the course of this study. The technical expertise and hardware products developed during this project will be disseminated to other groups within the UK analysis community. By making this specialist expertise more widely available we will provide a competitive advantage to other UK-based researchers seeking to bid for pristine returned samples.

[E3] - Astrobiology at The Open University

Astrobiology is an emerging scientific field and is driven by the question ‘are we alone in the Universe?’ With an increasing number of life-detection/habitability missions, astrobiology is at the core of nations’ space strategies. The Open University Astrobiology Unit focuses on understanding how, and where, life might be found, by combining field work, laboratory simulations and mission data. Building on this expertise, Unit members are involved in key astrobiology-related missions and in developing planetary protection regulations. E3 funding will build capacity in line with future missions by furthering our understanding of extraterrestrial environments and potential life, through developing facilities to simulate these environments and investigating analogue sites. This is aimed at understanding if, and where, life may be found beyond the Earth. The Unit will develop its expertise to meet the new challenges that arise as the private sector and smaller nations develop exploration capacity. This includes supporting the sector to meet, and define, planetary protection requirements and to address space governance, for example, ensuring environmental sustainability of missions. The Unit will develop relevant education material for the expanding space sector, and it will work to ensure knowledge and expertise in astrobiology is used in a just and equitable manner. Sustainability of the Unit will be underpinned by commercial services, external funding, and University investment. The Unit will support the growth of astrobiology networks of industry, higher educational institutes and policymakers, and early career researchers, to ensure that the UK is globally recognised and influential within the field.

Planetary Science Consolidated Grant 2020-2023

STFC Planetary Science Consolidated grant - details to be entered here.

Water Rock Reactions, Key to Habitability from the Gale Crater Lake to ExoMars

This project will investigate water rock reactions on Mars, using latest data returned from the Mars Science Laboratory mission, including predictive work for the traverse ahead. It will feed into the upcoming ExoMars mission through creating understanding of water and element mobility and their impact on the habitability of Martian environments.

STFC DTG 2015 - 2016 (2015 Intake)

STFC DTG Quota 2015-16 AMS record for students starting on or after 01/10/2015

The feasibility of contemporary life elsewhere in our Solar System

The aim of this proposal is it determine the feasibility of contemporary life existing elsewhere in the Solar System. To address this aim we will 1) investigate microbial processes that could occur in proposed transient water on the surface of Mars and in the sub-surface oceans of Enceladus and Europa and 2) assess how the geochemistry within these habitable environments would differ over geological timescales in the presence and absence of life. We will use a unique approach, which combines simulation experiments with geochemical modelling.

Planetary Science at the Open University 2017-2020

Our proposed research programme addresses the origin and evolution of the Solar System, including surfaces, atmospheres and physical, geological, chemical and biological processes on the terrestrial planets, the Moon, asteroids, comets, icy satellites and extraterrestrial materials, in a range of projects which address the STFC Science Roadmap challenge B: “How do stars and planetary systems develop and is life unique to our planet?” The inner rocky bodies of the Solar System are of particular importance in understanding planetary system evolution, because of their common origin but subsequent divergent histories. Lunar samples will be used to determine the abundance and composition of volatile elements on the Moon, their source(s) in the lunar interior, and processes influencing their evolution over lunar geological history. Oxygen isotope analysis will be used to determine the conditions and processes that shape the formation of materials during the earliest stages of Solar System formation. Mars is the focus of international Solar System exploration programmes, with the ultimate aim of Mars Sample Return. We will: investigate the martian water cycle on global and local scales through a synthesis of atmospheric modeling, space mission data and surface geology; assess potential changes in the composition of Mars’ atmosphere over time through measurement of tracers trapped in martian meteorites of different ages; and determine whether carbon dioxide, rather than water flow, is able to account for recently active surface features on Mars. Mercury is an end-member in the planet-formation spectrum and we plan to exploit NASA MESSENGER data to study its origin and crustal evolution, and prepare for ESA’s BepiColombo mission. The cold outer regions of the Solar System, and particularly comets, are believed to have retained some of the most pristine primitive material from their formation. We plan to probe the composition and origins of cometary material and understand the processes that drive cometary activity through: laboratory analysis of the most primitive Interplanetary Dust Particles; and direct measurements of a comet by our instruments on the Rosetta mission, together with laboratory simulations. We will conduct laboratory ultraviolet observations of irradiated ices to provide new insights into the composition of Solar System ices and how they may create atmospheres around their parent bodies. We will also investigate the role volatiles can play in the cohesion (“making”) of Solar System minor bodies, and the fragmentation that can be achieved by thermal cycling (a candidate process that “breaks” them). The question of whether Earth is a unique location for life in the Solar System remains one of the most enduring questions of our time. We plan to investigate how the geochemistry of potentially habitable environments on Mars, Europa and Enceladus would change over geological timescales if life was present, producing distinguishable biomarkers that could be used as evidence of life in the Solar System. We will study the role of hypervelocity impacts in: the processing of compounds of critical interest to habitability (water, sulfur-species, organic species) during crater formation; and the hydrothermal system of the 100 km diameter Manicouagan impact structure in Canada to assess the astrobiological implications of hydrothermal systems for early Mars. In addition to satisfying humanity’s innate desire to explore and understand the Universe around us, our research has more tangible benefits. We use the analytical techniques involved from development of space and laboratory instrumentation for applications with companies in fields as diverse as medicine, security, tourism and cosmetics. One of the most important benefits of our research is that it helps to train and inspire students - the next generation of scientists and engineers – through training within the University and public outreach and schools programmes.

Support for Mars Science Laboratory Operations

To participate in the operations work and team meetings of the NASA Mars Science Laboratory Mission.

Publications

Book

Volatiles in the Martian Crust (2018)

Book Chapter

Conclusions and Implications for Habitability of the Martian Crust (2018)

Introduction to Volatiles in the Martian Crust (2018)

The Hydrology of Mars Including a Potential Cryosphere (2018)

Noble Gases in Martian Meteorites (2018)

Journal Article

The value of returning a sample of the Martian atmosphere (2025)

An inorganic silicate simulant to represent the interior of enceladus (2024)

Experimental Identification of Potential Martian Biosignatures in Open and Closed Systems (2024)

Diversity of Microbial Mats in the Makgadikgadi Salt Pans, Botswana (2024)

Manganese-Iron Phosphate Nodules at the Groken Site, Gale Crater, Mars (2023)

Report of the Science Community Workshop on the proposed First Sample Depot for the Mars Sample Return Campaign (2023)

Habitability and Biosignature Formation in Simulated Martian Aqueous Environments (2023)

Constraining Alteration Processes Along the Siccar Point Group Unconformity, Gale Crater, Mars: Results from the Sample Analysis at Mars Instrument (2022)

Geochemical bio-signatures in Martian analogue basaltic environments using laboratory experiments and thermochemical modelling (2022)

Scientific Value of Including an Atmospheric Sample as part of Mars Sample Return (2022)

Sulfur Cycling as a Viable Metabolism under Simulated Noachian/Hesperian Chemistries (2022)

Oligotrophic Growth of Nitrate-Dependent Fe 2+ -Oxidising Microorganisms Under Simulated Early Martian Conditions (2022)

Overview of the Morphology and Chemistry of Diagenetic Features in the Clay‐Rich Glen Torridon Unit of Gale Crater, Mars (2022)

An insight into ancient aeolian processes and post‐Noachian aqueous alteration in Gale crater, Mars, using ChemCam geochemical data from the Greenheugh capping unit (2022)

Constraints on the formation of carbonates and low‐grade metamorphic phases in the Martian crust as a function of H2O‐CO2 fluids (2022)

Microbes from Brine Systems with Fluctuating Salinity Can Thrive under Simulated Martian Chemical Conditions (2022)

Early diagenesis at and below Vera Rubin ridge, Gale crater, Mars (2021)

Constraints on the petrologic history of gabbroic shergottite Northwest Africa 6963 from pyroxene zoning profiles and electron backscattered diffraction (2021)

Habitability of Martian Noachian Hydrothermal Systems as Constrained by a Terrestrial Analog on the Colorado Plateau (2021)

Formation of Tridymite and Evidence for a Hydrothermal History at Gale Crater, Mars (2021)

Exploring the environments of Martian impact‐generated hydrothermal systems and their potential to support life (2021)

Geochemical variation in the Stimson formation of Gale crater: Provenance, mineral sorting, and a comparison with modern Martian dunes (2020)

Multiple early-formed water reservoirs in the interior of Mars (2020)

Simulating microbial processes in extraterrestrial, aqueous environments (2020)

Boron and Lithium in Calcium Sulfate Veins: Tracking Precipitation of Diagenetic Materials in Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater (2020)

Evidence for a Diagenetic Origin of Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars: Summary and Synthesis of Curiosity's Exploration Campaign (2020)

Iron Mobility during Diagenesis at Vera Rubin ridge, Gale Crater, Mars (2020)

Habitability of hydrothermal systems at Jezero and Gusev Craters as constrained by hydrothermal alteration of a terrestrial mafic dike (2020)

The identification of sulfide oxidation as a potential metabolism driving primary production on late Noachian Mars (2020)

New simulants for martian regolith: Controlling iron variability (2019)

The effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and magnetic properties of olivine (2019)

Phase Equilibria Modeling of Low-grade Metamorphic Martian Rocks (2019)

Alteration trends and geochemical source region characteristics preserved in the fluviolacustrine sedimentary record of Gale crater, Mars (2019)

Mineralogical Constraints on the Thermal History of Martian Regolith Breccia Northwest Africa 8114 (2019)

The 2016 UK Space Agency Mars Utah Rover Field Investigation (MURFI) (2019)

The Microbial Community of a Terrestrial Anoxic Inter-Tidal Zone: A Model for Laboratory-Based Studies of Potentially Habitable Ancient Lacustrine Systems on Mars (2018)

Background levels of methane in Mars’ atmosphere show strong seasonal variations (2018)

Nitrate-Dependent Iron Oxidation: A Potential Mars Metabolism (2018)

A Two-Step K-Ar Experiment on Mars: Dating the Diagenetic Formation of Jarosite from Amazonian Groundwaters (2017)

Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars (2017)

In situ detection of boron by ChemCam on Mars (2017)

Determination of Geochemical Bio-Signatures in Mars-Like Basaltic Environments (2017)

Large sulfur isotope fractionations in Martian sediments at Gale crater (2017)

The WISDOM Radar: Unveiling the Subsurface Beneath the ExoMars Rover and Identifying the Best Locations for Drilling (2017)

Centimeter to decimeter hollow concretions and voids in Gale Crater sediments, Mars (2017)

Serpentinite with and without brucite: A reaction pathway analysis of a natural serpentinite in the Josephine ophiolite, California (2017)

In situ measurement of atmospheric krypton and xenon on Mars with Mars Science Laboratory (2016)

A review of volatiles in the Martian interior (2016)

Alteration minerals, fluids, and gases on early Mars: Predictions from 1-D flow geochemical modeling of mineral assemblages in meteorite ALH 84001 (2016)

Fluids during diagenesis and sulfate vein formation in sediments at Gale crater, Mars (2016)

Silicic volcanism on Mars evidenced by tridymite in high-SiO2 sedimentary rock at Gale crater (2016)

Gale crater and impact processes – Curiosity’s first 364 Sols on Mars (2015)

ChemCam results from the Shaler Outcrop in Gale Crater, Mars (2015)

Igneous and shock processes affecting chassignite amphibole evaluated using chlorine/water partitioning and hydrogen isotopes (2015)

Mars methane detection and variability at Gale crater (2015)

Diagenesis and clay mineral formation at Gale Crater, Mars (2015)

Elemental geochemistry of sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars (2014)

In situ radiometric and exposure age dating of the Martian surface (2014)

Alteration mineralogy of the Home Plate and Columbia Hills – formation conditions in context to impact, volcanism, and fluvial activity (2013)

Alteration minerals in impact-generated hydrothermal systems – exploring host rock variability (2013)

Quantifying noble gas contamination during terrestrial alteration in Martian meteorites from Antarctica (2013)

Martian Fluvial Conglomerates at Gale Crater (2013)

Petrography, mineral chemistry, and crystallization history of olivine-phyric shergottite NWA 6234: a new melt composition (2013)

The nakhlite hydrothermal brine on Mars (2012)

Geochemistry of intermediate olivine-phyric shergottite Northwest Africa 6234, with similarities to basaltic shergottite Northwest Africa 480 and olivine-phyric shergottite Northwest Africa 2990 (2012)

Puncturing Mars: How impact craters interact with the Martian cryosphere (2012)

Noble gas adsorption with and without mechanical stress: not Martian signatures but fractionated air (2012)

Uninhabited habitats on Mars (2012)

Gale Crater: formation and post-impact hydrous environments (2012)

40Ar-39Ar and cosmic ray exposure ages of nakhlites-Nakhla, Lafayette, Governador Valadares-and Chassigny (2011)

Impact-generated hydrothermal systems capable of forming phyllosilicates on Noachian Mars (2009)

Noble gases in two shergottites and one nakhlite from Antarctica: Y000027, Y000097, and Y000593 (2009)

Noble gases and nitrogen in Martian meteorites Dar al Gani 476, Sayh al Uhaymir 005 and Lewis Cliff 88516: EFA and extra neon (2009)

Helium loss from Martian meteorites mainly induced by shock metamorphism: evidence from new data and a literature compilation (2008)

Noble gases in mineral separates from three shergottites: Shergotty, Zagami, and EETA 79001 (2007)

Speciation and oxidation kinetics of arsenicin the thermal springs of Wiesbaden spa, Germany (2001)

Other

Groundbreaking sample return from Mars: the next giant leap in understanding the red planet (2009)

The importance of (Noachian) impact craters as windows to the subsurface and as potential hosts of life (2009)

Presentation / Conference

Martian atmosphere: trapped, adsorbed and exchanged; trapped adsorbed and sampled – considerations for Mars Sample Return (2025)

Early Mars habitability as constrained by sediment-magma interactions in a hydrothermal dike system in Utah (2025)

A strategic framework to support scientific communication for Mars Sample Return science: overview and status (2025)

Diagenesis in Mars Crater Sediments (2025)

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Lunar Samples and Synthetic Analogs (2025)

Detectability and compositional diversity of magmatically induced hydrothermal alteration assemblages on Mars via multi-instrument terrestrial analog analysis (2025)

Exploring the volatilomic and metabolomic signatures of the Makgadikgadi salt pans (Botswana) - Implications for Astrobiology (2024)

Biogeochemical Cycling in Globally Distributed Hypersaline Environments (2023)

The habitability of distinct martian environments (2023)

The habitability of water from distinct martian environments (2023)

Terrestrial Aqueously Altered Magmatic Dike Forming Sulfate-Rich Hydrothermal Fluids to Constrain Martian Habitability (2023)

Effects of basalt composition on a martian analogue magma-sediment hydrothermal system studied through thermochemical modeling (2022)

Density Variations as a Function of Compostion in the Venusian Crust: Implications for Tesserae Formation (2022)

Identification of fluids accompanying bio-signature formation in martian analogue experiments (2021)

Sulphate-rich sediments in direct contact with a magmatic intrusion —potential to form a habitable geothermal brine on Earth and Mars (2021)

Modelling water-rock interactions in the subsurface environment of Enceladus (2021)

Brine evolution and transport-driven fractionation of ocean fluids within Europa’s icy shell (2021)

Geochemical Energy Available to Microbes in Martian Impact Craters (2021)

Modeling Water-Rock Reactions Beneath the Greenheugh Pediment, Gale Crater, Mars (2021)

The Chemistry and Morphology of Diagenetic Features in Glen Torridon, Gale Crater (2021)

Reaction Path Reconstruction of a Magmatic Intrusion into Sulfate-Rich Sediments to Constrain Habitability Potential on Early Earth and Mars (2021)

Thermochemical modelling of the subsurface environment of Enceladus to derive potential carbon reaction pathways (2020)

Colour Peak:An analogue environment for the waters of late Noachian Mars (2020)

Online team work in space science and astronomy at the Open University (2020)

Thermochemical modelling of the subsurface environment on Enceladus (2020)

New insight into spheroidal iron (oxyhydr)oxide concretion formation models: Diagenetic concretion nucleation associated with neutral fluids from a mafic intrusion (2020)

Modelling Water-Rock Interactions in the Sub-surface Environment of Enceladus. (2020)

Hydrothermal alteration in the Frankenstein gabbro Martian analogue: first models (2020)

Cryovolcanic plumes as a record of habitability: Fluid evolution and the fate of bioessential elements during freezing of simulated Enceladus ocean brines (2020)

Enhanced groundwater flow on and below Vera Rubin ridge, the Murray Formation, Gale Crater: Evidence from thermochemical modeling (2020)

Colour Peak: An analogue environment for late Noachian Mars (2020)

Martian fluids and their evaporation products – an overview using thermochemical modelling (2020)

Modeling the Behavior of Selected Water-Soluble Elements in Calcium Sulfate Veins of Gale Crater (2020)

The identification of sulfide oxidation as potential metabolism driving primary production on late Noachian Mars (2020)

Testing the habitability of distinct simulated martian environments (2020)

From the San Rafael Swell to Mars (2020)

Modelling the Rock-Water Interactions in the Sub-surface Environment of Enceladus (2019)

Viable metabolisms in a simulated martian environments (2019)

Thermochemical Modelling of Fluid-Rock Reactions in Vera Rubin ridge, Gale Crater, Mars. (2019)

Viable metabolisms in a simulated martian chemical environment (2019)

The microbial diversity of a sulfur-rich and saline cold pool in the Canadian high Arctic (2019)

The Frankenstein Gabbro (Odenwald, Germany): A New Analogue for Martian Hydrothermal Systems (2019)

Using ChemCam derived geochemistry to identify the paleonet sediment transport direction and source region characteristics of the Stimson formation in Gale crater, Mars. (2019)

ExoFiT: ExoMars-Like Field Trials – a Mission Simulation. (2019)

Askival: A Silicified Feldspathic Cumulate Sample in Gale Crater (2019)

Lunar Integration Cavity Raman Ultaviolet Spectrograph (Lunar ICARIS) Concept (2019)

LabelMars: Creating an extremely large Martian image dataset through machine learning (2019)

The Rochechouart 2017-cores rescaled: major features (2019)

Iron mobility during diagenesis deduced from ChemCam observations at Gale Crater, Mars (2019)

Low-grade metamorphic phases on Mars as a function of CO2-H2O fluid compositions (2019)

Apollo Virtual Microscope Collection: Lunar Minaeralogy and Petrology of Apollo Rocks (2019)

A New Simulant to Represent The Silicate Interior of Enceladus (2019)

Arctic microbes – The phylogenetic and functional diversity of prokaryotes at Colour Peak (2018)

The importance of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return for understanding the Martian mantle: a report from the iMOST team (2018)

Viable metabolisms in a simulated martian chemical environment (2018)

Characterisation of novel isolates from an Enceladan analogue (2018)

Microbial growth in simulated martian environments (2018)

Simulating martian environments for microbial growth experiments (2018)

Prokaryotes at Colour Peak – An analogue for the Icy Moons (2018)

Modelling the Rock-Water Interface on Enceladus (2018)

Geochemical Endmembers preserved in Gale Crater: A tale of two mudstones and their compositional differences according to ChemCam (2018)

Amazonian Hydrothermal Alteration Comparing Nakhlite Secondary Mineralogy to Water Rock Reaction Experiments (2018)

Curie: Constraining Solar System Bombardment Using In Situ Radiometric Dating (2018)

The Apollo Virtual Microscope Collection: Lunar Mineralogy and Petrology of Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16 Rocks (2018)

The Physio-Chemical Properties for the Interior of Enceladus (2018)

Magmatic Intrusions into the Sulfur-Rich Carmel Formation on the Colorado Plateau, USA: Implications for the Mars 2020 Mission (2018)

Phase Equilibria Modeling of Low-Grade Metamorphic Martian Rocks (2018)

Mineral Surface and Fluid Chemistry in Nakhlite Analog Water-Rock Reactions (2018)

Simulating the Martian Chemical Enivronment (2018)

Alteration and Oxidiation of an Olivine Lamprophyre Dike from Southern Utah, USA: An Analog for Mars (2018)

Fractionated Martian Atmosphere – the Case of the Nakhlites, Revisited with Experiments (2018)

Rochechouart 2017-Drilling Campaign: First Results (2018)

Prokaryotes at Colour Peak – An analogue for the Icy Moons (2018)

Igneous Differentiation of the Martian Crust (2017)

Igneous compositions preserved in Gale crater's geological record (2017)

UK Space Agency “Mars Utah Rover Field Investigation 2016” (MURFI 2016): overview of mission, aims and progress (2017)

Labelmars.det: Crowd-sourcing an extremely large high quality Martian image dataset. (2017)

Crystallization history of gabbroic shergottite NWA 6963 as revealed by pyroxene zoning (2017)

Magmatic intrusions into sulfur-rich sediments on the Colorado Plateau: an analog for Mars exploration (2017)

Increasing occurrence of sandstone cemented with calcium sulfate on Mount Sharp, Gale Crater, Mars (2017)

Evidence for impact-induced hydrothermal clay mineral formation at Endeavour crater, Mars. (2017)

The igneous end member compositions preserved in Gale Crater sediments (2017)

Young K-Ar gae of jarosite in the Mojave sample at Gale Crater, Mars. (2017)

Diagenesis on Mars: insights into noble gas pathways and newly formed mineral assemblages from long term experiments (2017)

CIRIR programs: drilling and research opportunities at the Rochechouart Impact Structure (2017)

Curiosity at Vera Rubin Ridge: Testable Hypotheses, First Results, and Implications for Habitability (2017)

Curiosity at Gale Crater's Hematite Ridge: High Mn and P Near the Ridge show Chemical Evidence for Generation by an Oxidation Front (2017)

The impact of martian brine chemistry on the growth of microorganisms (2017)

Geochemical Endmembers preserved in the fluviolacustrine sediments of Gale crater (2017)

Fractionated noble gases in Martian meteorite ALH84001 – an indicator for water-rock interaction, or a sample of ancient atmosphere? (2017)

Assessing Source Region Characteristics from Gale crater Lacustrine mudstone (2017)

The impact of martian chemistry on the metabolism of methanogenic archaea (2017)

Evolved Igneous Materials in Gale crater, Mars (2017)

Compositional End Members in Gale Crater, Mars (2016)

Fractionated noble gases in the nakhlite Martian meteorites (2016)

Fluorine in the Pahrump outcrop, Gale Crater: Implications for fluid circulation and alteration (2016)

High-Temperature, Perhaps Silicic, Volcanism on Mars Evidenced by Tridymite Detection in High-SiO2 Sedimentary Rock at Gale Crater, Mars (2016)

Igneous differentiation on Mars: Trachybasalts in Gale Crater (2016)

Noble gas fractionation in hydrous rock alteration under diagenetic pressure and temperature conditions (2016)

Modeling of sulphide environments on Mars (2016)

An Investigation into Fluorine within Gale Crater and its Implications for Martian Geology (2016)

Compositional End Members in Gale Crater, Mars (2016)

Compositional End Members in Gale Crater, Mars (2016)

Relationships Between Shock and Fluid Processes (2015)

Weathering as controlled by shock processes (2015)

The anaerobic community of an estuarine environment: an analogue for life on Mars. (2015)

Containers, sensors and samples to understand desert weathering (2015)

Fluids, evaporation and precipitates at Gale Crater (2015)

Rochechouart hydrothermal overprint: disentangling the timing of events through Ar-Ar dating (2015)

Constraints, questions, and future directions on volatiles in the martian interior: a summary of the Workshop (2015)

Noble gas fractionation during low temperature alteration: an experimental approach. (2015)

Hematite formation in Gale Crater (2015)

Cold desert weathering effects on magnetic properties of L6 chondrites (2015)

Trace element mobility in cold desert alteration systems (2015)

The anaerobic community of an estuarine environment: an analogue for life on Mars (2014)

Mineralogical controls on cold desert weathering (2014)

Chilling in Antarctica - meteorites weathering the cold (2014)

The anaerobic community of an estuarine environment: an analogue for life on Mars (2014)

Clay and magnetite formation at Yellowknife Bay, Mars (2014)

SAFER: The promising results of the Mars mission simulation campaign in Atacama, Chile (2014)

MSL/SAM measurements of volatile isotopes, and their implications for atmospheric loss (2014)

SAM measurement of krypton and xenon on Mars (2014)

Spatial correlations between silicate and metal weathering in Antarctic chondrites (2014)

Carbonate precipitation driven by clay leachates on Early Mars (2014)

Moons: a MOOC and open education resource with games and a microscope (2014)

Fluid composition and mineral reactions at Yellowknife Bay, Mars (2014)

The mantle, crust and atmosphere of Mars as illuminated by the light element geochemistry of NWA 7034 (2014)

Gale Crater and impact processes from Curiosity (2014)

Evaluating potential alteration products of NWA7034: expanding our knowledge of Martian crustal alteration assemblages (2014)

Linking alteration of noble gas inventories with secondary petrographic features in Antarctic meteorites - an analogue (2013)

Leachates formed carbonates in ALH84001 and on early Mars (2013)

The nakhlite alteration and habitability - mobility and quantification of essential elements (2013)

Modelling fluids associated with sulfate veining in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater (2013)

Preliminary interpretations of atmospheric stable isotopes and argon from Mars Science Laboratory (SAM) (2013)

Low temperature near-surface thermochemical modelling of the alteration assemblage in Martian meteorite ALH84001 (2013)

Modeling alteration minerals on Mars – investigating the high temperature component (2013)

Heavy noble gas measurements on Mars with SAM (2013)

Gale Crater’s Bathurst Inlet and Rocknest_3 compositions (2013)

Curiosity’s mastcam images reveal conglomerate outcrops with water-transported pebbles (2013)

Antarctic alteration as an analogue for processes on Mars – the noble gas perspective (2013)

Thermochemical modelling of the alteration assemblage in Martian Meteorite ALH84001 at low temperature (15–25 °C) (2013)

The nakhlite hydrothermal brine on Mars (2013)

Lafayette, a case study for quantitative determination of P, T and X of a Martian subsurface fluid – and application to orbiter and lander data (2012)

Thermochemical constraints for the formation conditions of the hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of Home Plate and Columbia Hills (2012)

Acidic, high D/H magmatic fluids in the deep Martian interior: evidence from Martian amphibole and glass compositions (2012)

Petrography, mineral chemistry, and crystallization history of olivine-phyric shergottite NWA6234: a new intermediate melt composition (2012)

The nakhlite hydrothermal brine (2012)

Cold desert alteration of Martian meteorites: mixed news from noble gases, trace elements and oxygen isotopes (2012)

Geochemistry of intermediate olivine-phyric shergottite Northwest Africa 6234 (2012)

The Open University-NASA Apollo Virtual Microscope – a tool for Education and Outreach (2011)

Hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of Home Plate: thermochemical contstraints for their formation conditions (2011)

Cosmic ray exposure ages of nakhlites - Nakhla, Lafayette, Governador Valadares - and Chassigny: one ejection event? (2011)

Quantifying low temperature production of methane on Mars (2011)

Maximizing the science return from 3.3 g of Martian meteorite: a consortium study of olivine-phyric shergottite NorthWest Africa 6234 (2011)

The nakhlite secondary mineralogy and fluid (invited) (2011)

Beagle I and II Voyages: Charles Darwin’s rocks and the quest for Mars rock; the Open University’s virtual microscope has both (2011)

Tracking fluid action in Little Sark Pluton (Channel Islands, UK): a UV laserprobe Ar/Ar study of excess 40Ar (2011)

ALHA77005: monitor for terrestrial influence on noble gases and analogue for Mars (2011)

The secondary mineral forming fluid in the nakhlites (2011)

The nakhlite impact hydrothemal cell: mineralogy, fluid and habitability (2011)

Impact-generated hydrothermal systems on Noachian Mars: clays, carbonates and more (2010)

Spatial evaluation of Ar-systematics in rocks from the British Channel Islands: a UV laserprobe Ar/Ar study of excess 40Ar (2010)

From Lahn to Hudson river: Lahnmarmor as precious dimension stone and national heritage (2010)

Exploring Martian impact craters: why they are important for the search for life (2010)

Alteration mineral in impact-generated hydrothermal systems. Which, where, when – and how important? (2010)

Evaluating the effect of sulfur on alteration assemblages in impact cratered terrains on Mars (2010)

Exploring Martian impact craters: what they can reveal about the subsurface and why they are important in the search for life (2010)

Landing site selection and Miyamoto crater, Mars – why no hydrothermal deposits? (2009)

Impact-generated hydrothermal alteration on Early Mars in presence of CO2 (2009)

Impact-generated hydrothermal systems in mafic to ultramafic Noachian crust of Mars (2009)

Impact-generated hydrothermal systems on Noachian Mars: the path of water (2009)

Impact-generated hydrothermal alteration on Mars: clay minerals, oxides, zeolites, and more (2009)

Basalt–atmosphere interaction on Venus: preliminary results on weathering of minerals and bulk rock (2009)

After the dust has settled: hydrothermally-driven chemical and mineralogical changes in planetary crust following impact events (2008)

Phyllosilicates produced by impact-generated hydrothermal systems on Mars (2008)

High-Fe, low-Al basalts: evidence of extensive mantle processing on Earth, Moon, Mars, Vesta, Venus, and Io (2008)

Secondary minerals formed by impact-generated hydrothermal systems on Mars – a modeling approach (2008)

Noble gases in two shergottites and a nakhlite from Antarctica: Y000027, Y000097, and Y000593 (2008)

Trapped noble gases in the Isheyevo CH/CB chondrite (2008)

Inferred impact-generated hydrothermal mineral assemblages in basaltic regions of Mars (2008)